【文章标题】：Iceland votes on whether to restart talks on joining EU
冰岛就是否重启加入欧盟谈判进行投票
【文章正文】：
Close race as Iceland votes on whether to restart talks on joining EU
冰岛就是否重启加入欧盟谈判的投票呈现胶着态势
Icelanders are voting in a referendum to decide whether to resume talks on joining the European Union, 13 years after they were broken off.
冰岛正举行全民公投，决定是否重启13年前中断的加入欧盟谈判。
In an indication of how tight the result is expected to be, the latest opinion poll put the No campaign in the lead with 51.6%. An earlier poll had put the Yes campaign ahead.
最新民调显示反对阵营以51.6%领先，早前民调则显示支持方占优，预示着结果将极为接近。
Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir’s centre-left government had already intended to hold a referendum, but turbulent international affairs prompted her to bring it forward.
中左翼总理克里斯伦·弗罗斯塔多蒂尔原已计划举行公投，但动荡的国际局势促使她提前推进。
But the debate was fought less over Nato member Iceland’s security concerns than over its vital fishing industry and sovereignty.
但辩论焦点并非北约成员国冰岛的安全关切，而是其命脉渔业与主权问题。
Voting is due to go on from 09:00 to 22:00 GMT on Saturday and the result is expected in the early hours of Sunday.
投票定于格林尼治时间周六9:00至22:00进行，结果预计周日凌晨揭晓。
Iceland has a population of under 400,000. More than one in five voters had already cast their ballots in early voting before Saturday, according to Iceland’s public broadcaster RUV.
冰岛人口不足40万。据冰岛国家广播公司RUV报道，超过五分之一的选民已在周六前完成提前投票。
What is the vote about?
公投议题是什么？
The question on the ballot is: “Should Iceland resume accession negotiations with the European Union?”
选票问题是：“冰岛应重启与欧盟的入盟谈判吗？”
Although Iceland is already part of the EU’s single market and Schengen border-free zone as part of the European Economic Area, EU membership would bring it into the customs union and eventually the euro.
尽管冰岛作为欧洲经济区成员已加入欧盟单一市场和申根区，但正式入盟将使其进入关税同盟并最终采用欧元。
Iceland’s application to join the EU was already well advanced when it put talks on hold in 2013, and European Commission officials have indicated that talks could be finalised in one or two years. Of the 35 so-called chapters of talks ranging from fisheries and economic policy to freedom of speech and free movement of goods, 27 had begun and 11 of them were provisionally complete.
2013年暂停谈判时，冰岛入盟申请已取得重大进展。欧盟委员会官员表示谈判或可在一两年内完成。在涉及渔业、经济政策到言论自由、货物自由流动等35项谈判章节中，27项已启动，11项暂告完成。
A Yes vote would not be a final decision on joining the EU. It would mean backing a move towards an accession agreement. Any deal would then have to be approved by a second referendum, as well by parliament, and the constitution would have to be amended. The EU’s 27 member states would also have to sign it off.
赞成票不等于最终入盟决定，而是支持推进入盟协议。任何协议都需经二次公投和议会批准，并修改宪法。欧盟27个成员国也需一致同意。
One Yes-campaign group, “Yes to See”, says Icelanders should at least see what deal they can get, so they have all the information before a final decision.
支持阵营组织”先看再决”称，冰岛人至少应了解可能达成的协议，以便在最终决定前掌握充分信息。
Equally, a No vote would not rule out the chance of Iceland resuming talks in the future.
同样，反对票也不排除冰岛未来重启谈判的可能性。
What are the key issues?
关键争议点是什么？
Sovereignty has been a crucial issue in the pre-referendum debate. Iceland fought hard to become fully independent from Denmark in 1944, and its fishing and marine industries make up almost 40% of exports.
主权是公投前辩论的核心议题。冰岛1944年历经艰难才从丹麦完全独立，其渔业和海洋产业占出口近40%。
The No campaign fears losing control over Iceland’s prized fishing grounds under the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy and has vowed never to share the country’s waters with anyone. Brussels has indicated Iceland could earn some kind of exemption, but it is considered potentially the biggest obstacle to any agreement.
反对阵营担心欧盟共同渔业政策会使冰岛丧失对珍贵渔场的控制权，誓言绝不与他国共享水域。布鲁塞尔暗示冰岛或可获豁免，但这仍被视为协议达成的最大潜在障碍。
Many Icelanders remember the so-called Cod Wars with the UK that Iceland won in the 1970s. And fisheries was always the issue that stopped Iceland joining the EU before.
许多冰岛人仍记得1970年代战胜英国的”鳕鱼战争”。渔业历来是阻碍冰岛加入欧盟的主因。
However, in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of Iceland’s banking system, Reykjavik moved to start accession talks in 2009, only to bring them to a halt in 2013.
然而2008年金融危机导致冰岛银行体系崩溃后，雷克雅未克于2009年启动入盟谈判，却在2013年叫停。
Iceland is now one of Europe’s most affluent nations and Eirikur Bergmann, professor of politics at Bifröst University, told the BBC that “many people attribute this to Iceland’s independence”.
冰岛现为欧洲最富裕国家之一。比弗罗斯特大学政治学教授埃里库尔·伯格曼向BBC表示：“许多人将此归功于冰岛的独立”。
One Icelandic trade union survey suggested this year that the country was the most expensive in the world, far pricier than its Nordic neighbours.
冰岛工会今年调查显示，该国生活成本全球最高，远超其他北欧国家。
Although it has the fifth highest GDP (economic output) per capita in the world, interest rates are stubbornly high at 8% and inflation has climbed to 5.6%.
尽管人均GDP全球第五，但利率居高不下达8%，通胀率已升至5.6%。
Yes campaigners argue that the economic benefits of the EU would help bring the rates down.
支持方主张欧盟的经济红利有助于降低利率。
What are Iceland’s security concerns?
冰岛的安全关切是什么？
Iceland may be a founder member of Nato but it has no military and relies on its allies for defence.
冰岛虽是北约创始成员国，但无军队，防务依赖盟友。
A bilateral US defence agreement has been in place since 1951 and the No campaign has said Iceland’s security rests on both Nato and the US, and that EU membership is not a substitute for Nato.
自1951年起生效的美冰双边防务协议仍在实施。反对阵营称冰岛安全既靠北约也靠美国，欧盟成员身份无法替代北约。
Iceland has been a strong supporter of Ukraine during Russia’s full-scale invasion and officials have viewed Russia’s increased maritime manoeuvres near the island with alarm.
俄罗斯全面侵乌期间冰岛强力支持乌克兰，官员对俄方在冰岛附近增加海上军演深感忧虑。
However, there has also been concern at US President Donald Trump’s expressed interest in taking over Greenland - especially the fact that he has confused it with Iceland.
但美国前总统特朗普对接管格陵兰表现出的兴趣——尤其曾将其与冰岛混淆——也引发担忧。
This year the EU and Iceland signed a security and defence partnership, and EU officials said the EU “offers an anchor in a community of values, prosperity and security”.
今年欧盟与冰岛签署安全防务合作协议，欧盟官员称欧盟提供”价值观、繁荣与安全共同体的锚点”。
What do the Yes and No campaigns say?
正反阵营有何主张？
Ahead of the referendum, the two sides held a televised debate where the Yes campaign team was headed by Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir and the No campaign was led by Guðrún Hafsteinsdóttir, chair of the opposition Independence Party.
公投前双方举行电视辩论，支持方由总理克里斯伦·弗罗斯塔多蒂尔带队，反对方由在野党独立党主席古德伦·哈夫斯坦斯多蒂尔领衔。
Kristrún told the audience that Iceland w…
克里斯伦向观众表示冰岛…
（注：原文结尾处不完整，中文翻译相应保留未完成状态）