【文章标题】:Mapped: The Biggest Buyers of U.S. Oil 【文章标题】:图解:美国石油的最大买家
【文章正文】: Mapped: The Biggest Buyers of U.S. Oil 图解:美国石油的最大买家
Key Takeaways 核心数据
The U.S. exported 10.7 million barrels of oil per day in 2025, including crude oil and petroleum products. 2025年美国日均出口1070万桶石油,包括原油和石油制品。
The Netherlands was the top destination at 1.15 million barrels per day, narrowly ahead of Mexico at 1.09 million. 荷兰以日均115万桶位居榜首,墨西哥以109万桶紧随其后。
The top five destinations accounted for about 42% of U.S. oil exports, reflecting a geographically diverse customer base. 前五大目的地占美国石油出口总量的42%,体现了客户群体的地域多样性。
U.S. oil exports reached countries across six continents in 2025, with no single destination accounting for an overwhelming share of the total. 2025年美国石油出口覆盖六大洲,没有任何单一目的地占据绝对主导份额。
The Netherlands and Mexico were the two largest buyers, each receiving more than one million barrels per day. Canada, South Korea, and Japan rounded out the top five. 荷兰与墨西哥作为前两大买家日均进口量均超百万桶,加拿大、韩国和日本构成前五名。
The data for this map comes from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s 本图表数据源自美国能源信息署
exports by destination 按目的地统计的出口数据
and includes both crude oil and petroleum products. 包含原油与石油制品。
The Netherlands and Mexico Lead U.S. Oil Exports 荷兰与墨西哥领跑美国石油出口
The Netherlands ranked first among U.S. oil export destinations in 2025 at 1.15 million barrels per day, with Mexico close behind at 1.09 million. 2025年荷兰以日均115万桶成为美国石油最大出口目的地,墨西哥以109万桶位居次席。
The table below ranks U.S. oil export destinations in 2025 by average daily volume, measured in thousands of barrels per day: 下表按日均进口量(千桶/日)列出2025年美国石油出口目的地排名:
| Rank 排名 | Country 国家/地区 | U.S. Oil Exports in 2025 (Thousand Barrels per Day) 2025年美国石油出口量(千桶/日) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands 荷兰 | 1,147 |
| 2 | Mexico 墨西哥 | 1,091 |
| 3 | Canada 加拿大 | 887 |
| 4 | South Korea 韩国 | 705 |
| 5 | Japan 日本 | 677 |
| 6 | China 中国 | 651 |
| 7 | India 印度 | 606 |
| 8 | Brazil 巴西 | 363 |
| 9 | United Kingdom 英国 | 339 |
| 10 | Spain 西班牙 | 261 |
| 11 | Taiwan 中国台湾 | 225 |
| 12 | France 法国 | 194 |
| 13 | Chile 智利 | 189 |
| 14 | Singapore 新加坡 | 179 |
| 15 | Ecuador 厄瓜多尔 | 172 |
| 16 | Peru 秘鲁 | 171 |
| 17 | Thailand 泰国 | 164 |
| 18 | Indonesia 印度尼西亚 | 156 |
| 19 | Panama 巴拿马 | 133 |
| 20 | Italy 意大利 | 132 |
| 21 | Nigeria 尼日利亚 | 132 |
| 22 | Colombia 哥伦比亚 | 127 |
| 23 | Guatemala 危地马拉 | 123 |
| 24 | Dominican Republic 多米尼加共和国 | 117 |
| 25 | Sweden 瑞典 | 117 |
| 26 | Germany 德国 | 116 |
| 27 | Belgium 比利时 | 112 |
| 28 | Morocco 摩洛哥 | 104 |
| 29 | Honduras 洪都拉斯 | 83 |
| 30 | Norway 挪威 | 82 |
| 31 | Egypt 埃及 | 76 |
| 32 | Malaysia 马来西亚 | 65 |
| 33 | Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加 | 64 |
| 34 | Türkiye 土耳其 | 58 |
| 35 | Bahamas 巴哈马 | 55 |
| 36 | El Salvador 萨尔瓦多 | 55 |
| 37 | U.S. Virgin Islands 美属维尔京群岛 | 48 |
| 38 | Vietnam 越南 | 44 |
| 39 | South Africa 南非 | 43 |
| 40 | Argentina 阿根廷 | 42 |
| 41 | Trinidad and Tobago 特立尼达和多巴哥 | 41 |
| 42 | Australia 澳大利亚 | 40 |
| 43 | Ireland 爱尔兰 | 37 |
| 44 | Kenya 肯尼亚 | 35 |
| 45 | Denmark 丹麦 | 34 |
| 46 | Finland 芬兰 | 32 |
| 47 | Jamaica 牙买加 | 27 |
| 48 | Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜 | 26 |
| 49 | Poland 波兰 | 26 |
| 50 | Saint Lucia 圣卢西亚 | 25 |
| 51 | Uruguay 乌拉圭 | 23 |
| 52 | Côte d’Ivoire 科特迪瓦 | 22 |
| 53 | Portugal 葡萄牙 | 20 |
| 54 | Venezuela 委内瑞拉 | 18 |
| 55 | Pakistan 巴基斯坦 | 14 |
| 56 | Puerto Rico 波多黎各 | 14 |
| 57 | Ghana 加纳 | 13 |
| 58 | Greece 希腊 | 13 |
| 59 | Curacao 库拉索 | 12 |
| 60 | Philippines 菲律宾 | 12 |
| 61 | Paraguay 巴拉圭 | 11 |
| 62 | Bulgaria 保加利亚 | 9 |
| 63 | Israel 以色列 | 9 |
| 64 | Gibraltar 直布罗陀 | 7 |
| 65 | Latvia 拉脱维亚 | 7 |
| 66 | Oman 阿曼 | 6 |
| 67 | Switzerland 瑞士 | 6 |
| 68 | Togo 多哥 | 6 |
| 69 | United Arab Emirates 阿联酋 | 6 |
| 70 | Belize 伯利兹 | 5 |
| 71 | Senegal 塞内加尔 | 5 |
| 72 | Aruba 阿鲁巴 | 4 |
| 73 | Haiti 海地 | 4 |
| 74 | Jordan 约旦 | 4 |
| 75 | Lithuania 立陶宛 | 3 |
| 76 | Maldives 马尔代夫 | 3 |
| 77 | Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚 | 3 |
| 78 | Tunisia 突尼斯 | 3 |
| 79 | Algeria 阿尔及利亚 | 2 |
| 80 | Antigua and Barbuda 安提瓜和巴布达 | 2 |
| 81 | Austria 奥地利 | 2 |
| 82 | Mozambique 莫桑比克 | 2 |
| 83 | New Zealand 新西兰 | 2 |
| 84 | Albania 阿尔巴尼亚 | 1 |
| 85 | Cayman Islands 开曼群岛 | 1 |
| 86 | Cyprus 塞浦路斯 | 1 |
| 87 | Dominica 多米尼克 | 1 |
| 88 | Guinea 几内亚 | 1 |
| 89 | Guyana 圭亚那 | 1 |
| 90 | Kuwait 科威特 | 1 |
| 91 | Lebanon 黎巴嫩 | 1 |
| 92 | Malta 马耳他 | 1 |
| 93 | Namibia 纳米比亚 | 1 |
| 94 | Qatar 卡塔尔 | 1 |
| 95 | Romania 罗马尼亚 | 1 |
| 96 | Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯 | 1 |
| 97 | Tanzania 坦桑尼亚 | 1 |
| 98 | Turks and Caicos Islands 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 | 1 |
| 99 | British Virgin Islands 英属维尔京群岛 | 1 |
Canada ranked third at 887,000 barrels per day, followed by South Korea at 705,000 and Japan at 677,000. 加拿大以88.7万桶/日位列第三,韩国(70.5万桶)和日本(67.7万桶)紧随其后。
Together, the top five markets received 4.51 million barrels per day, or about 42% of total U.S. oil exports. 前五大市场日均进口451万桶,约占美国石油出口总量的42%。
Why the Netherlands Ranks First 荷兰问鼎之谜
The Netherlands’ position at the top of the ranking partly reflects Rotterdam’s role as a gateway to the wider European oil market. 荷兰登顶部分得益于鹿特丹作为欧洲石油集散枢纽的地位。
Rotterdam is Europe’s largest port and a major hub for crude oil, petroleum products, storage, and refining. Oil unloaded there can be processed locally or moved onward by pipeline and barge to Germany and other parts of northwestern Europe. 作为欧洲最大港口,鹿特丹是原油、石油制品存储与精炼的核心枢纽,卸载的石油可就地加工或通过管道/驳船转运至德国等西北欧地区。
As a result, oil recorded as exported to the Netherlands is not necessarily consumed there. 因此统计为出口至荷兰的石油未必在当地消费。
Europe’s shift away from Russian oil has also increased demand for alternative suppliers. After the European Union banned most seaborne Russian crude imports in late 2022, U.S. crude became an increasingly important replacement source for European refiners. 欧洲减少对俄罗斯石油依赖也推高了替代供应需求。2022年底欧盟禁运多数俄罗斯海运原油后,美国原油逐渐成为欧洲炼油厂的重要替代来源。
The Netherlands has remained one of the largest destinations for U.S. crude oil since then. 此后荷兰始终是美国原油的最大目的地之一。
Mexico’s Oil Trade With the U.S. Works Differently 美墨石油贸易的独特模式
Mexico’s 1.09 million barrels per day reflects a different kind of energy relationship. 墨西哥109万桶/日的进口量折射出特殊的能源合作关系。
Mexico exports much of its own heavier crude oil to the United States while importing large volumes of refined petroleum products, including gasoline and diesel, from U.S. Gulf Coast refineries. 墨西哥向美出口大量重质原油,同时从墨西哥湾沿岸炼油厂进口汽油、柴油等精炼产品。
This two-way trade reflects differences in refinery capacity and configuration between the two countries. U.S. refineries process Mexican crude while supplying fuels that Mexico’s domestic refining system does not produce in sufficient quantities. 这种双向贸易源于两国炼油产能与结构的差异——美国炼油厂既加工墨西哥原油,又补充其国内精炼系统的产能缺口。
U.S. Oil Exports Reach Buyers Around the World 美国石油的全球买家版图
Unlike U.S. oil imports, which are heavily concentrated in Canada, exports are spread across a much wider range of markets. 与高度依赖加拿大的石油进口不同,美国出口市场分布更为多元。
Europe and Asia both feature prominently 欧洲与亚洲市场表现尤为突出