【文章标题】：Ranked: How Much Pensions Replace Your Salary by Country 各国养老金替代率排名：退休金能替代你多少收入
【文章正文】： Ranked: How Much Pensions Replace Your Salary by Country 各国养老金替代率排名：退休金能替代你多少收入
Key Takeaways 核心发现
Spain has the highest pension replacement rate at 80.4%, nearly double the U.S. rate of 39.7%. 西班牙以80.4%的养老金替代率位居榜首，几乎是美国39.7%的两倍
The U.S. ranks 29th of 38 countries, below Australia but slightly ahead of Canada’s 37.1% replacement rate. 美国在38个国家中排名第29位，低于澳大利亚但略高于加拿大37.1%的替代率
Mexico and Türkiye both replace nearly 70% of earnings, considerably more than wealthier economies including Germany, Switzerland, and the UK. 墨西哥和土耳其均提供近70%的收入替代，远高于德国、瑞士和英国等更富裕经济体
How much of your paycheck would a pension replace in retirement? Depending on the country, the answer ranges from more than 80% to less than 20%. 退休后养老金能替代你多少收入？根据国家不同，替代率从超过80%到不足20%不等
This graphic ranks countries by their projected gross pension replacement rate, based on data from the OECD. The rate compares pension benefits with pre-retirement earnings, with both measured before taxes and contributions. 本图表根据经合组织数据，按预测总养老金替代率对国家进行排名。该比率将养老金福利与退休前收入进行比较，两者均按税前和缴费前计算
Estimates are for an average earner entering the workforce at age 22 in 2024 and include mandatory public and private pensions, but exclude voluntary private retirement savings. 估算针对2024年22岁进入职场的平均收入者，包含强制公共和私人养老金，但排除自愿私人退休储蓄
Spain Leads the Ranking 西班牙领跑排行榜
Southern European countries dominate the top of the ranking, with Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Italy all placing in the top 10. Spain and Greece stand out at 80.4% and 79.6%, respectively. 南欧国家占据榜单前列，西班牙、希腊、葡萄牙和意大利均进入前十。西班牙和希腊分别以80.4%和79.6%的替代率表现突出
[排名表格译文] 排名 | 国家 | 养老金替代率 1 | 西班牙 | 80.4% 2 | 希腊 | 79.6% 3 | 卢森堡 | 75.6% 4 | 哥伦比亚 | 74.8% 5 | 荷兰 | 74.7% …（其余国家排名保持相同格式）
OECD Average 经合组织平均值：52.0%
National prosperity is not a reliable predictor of pension replacement rates. Mexico and Türkiye are both near 70%, while Germany stands at 42.1% and the U.S. at 39.7%, reflecting substantial differences in how national retirement systems are structured. 国家繁荣程度并不能可靠预测养老金替代率。墨西哥和土耳其均接近70%，而德国为42.1%，美国为39.7%，这反映出各国退休体系结构的显著差异
At the bottom, Lithuania’s replacement rate is just 17.4%, less than one-quarter of Spain’s 80.4%. South Korea and Japan also rank relatively low, at 33.4% and 36.5%, respectively. 垫底的立陶宛替代率仅17.4%，不足西班牙80.4%的四分之一。韩国和日本排名也较低，分别为33.4%和36.5%
Where Low Pensions Meet High Senior Poverty 低养老金与高老年贫困率的交汇
A low replacement rate does not automatically mean high senior poverty, but several countries near the bottom of the pension ranking also have elevated old-age poverty rates. In Lithuania, more than 20% of people aged 65 and older live in relative income poverty. 低替代率并不自动意味着高老年贫困率，但养老金排名靠后的几个国家确实存在较高的老年贫困率。在立陶宛，65岁及以上人群中超过20%处于相对收入贫困状态
The pattern extends across the Baltics. Old-age poverty exceeds 30% in Estonia and Latvia, compared with an OECD average of 14.8%. In the U.S., the rate is also relatively high at 22.9%. 这一模式在波罗的海国家普遍存在。爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚的老年贫困率超过30%，而经合组织平均水平为14.8%。美国的贫困率也相对较高，达22.9%
At the other extreme, the Netherlands combines a 74.7% replacement rate with an old-age poverty rate of just 4.6%. Denmark, Finland, and Norway also have poverty rates at or below 5%. 另一极端是荷兰，其74.7%的替代率与仅4.6%的老年贫困率并存。丹麦、芬兰和挪威的贫困率也都在5%或以下
Replacement rates are only one part of retirement security, but these comparisons show how differently pension systems replace workers’ earnings across the OECD. 替代率只是退休保障的一个方面，但这些比较显示了经合组织国家养老金制度替代劳动者收入方式的巨大差异
Learn More on the Voronoi App 在Voronoi应用上了解更多
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the annual cost of retirement by state. 欲深入了解该主题，可查看各州年度退休成本图表