【文章标题】：CDs vs. NIMBY 【文章标题】：CD与邻避主义
【文章正文】： 【文章正文】：
I have a massive collection of music CDs, about 4,000 in total. Over the years, I probably spent about 3. I doubt Amoeba would pay me $1 a disc, assuming they’d take them at all. 我收藏了大量音乐CD，总共约有4000张。多年来，我大概花了4万美元来收集它们。如今，多亏了流媒体，它们几乎一文不值。在逛Amoeba Music（洛杉矶和伯克利两家店）的二手CD区时，我发现我的大部分唱片现在零售价只有3美元左右。我怀疑Amoeba就算愿意收，也不会给我每张1美元的价格。
Applying familiar NIMBY logic, you might insist that streaming “hollowed me out.” Sure, kids can now enjoy unlimited music free of charge. But I’m $40,000 poorer. A victim of cruel progress. A clear-cut “loser.” 套用人们熟知的邻避逻辑，你可能会坚称流媒体“掏空了我”。没错，现在的孩子们可以免费享受无限量的音乐。但我却因此少了4万美元。我是残酷进步的受害者。一个彻头彻尾的“输家”。
If I had zero interest in listening to any new-to-me music, that would be a fair, if self-pitying, verdict. Fortunately, I am not dead inside. I don’t want to keep listening to the same 4,000 albums for the rest of my life. I want to hear the albums whose release I overlooked. I want to hear the albums from before my time. And due to my neoteny, I want to hear new music. The music of the future. The music of the far future. 如果我对任何没听过的新音乐毫无兴趣，那这个判决虽然有些自怜，但也算公允。幸运的是，我的内心并未麻木。我不想余生都反复听同样的4000张专辑。我想听那些发行时被我错过的专辑。我想听那些早于我时代的专辑。而且由于我保留的那份“幼态”好奇心，我想听新音乐。未来的音乐。遥远未来的音乐。
Thanks to streaming, I can now consume infinite new-to-me music gratis. Given my tastes, that means massive consumer surplus for multiple decades. In present value, that’s vastly more than 5,000. Back in the day, I paid 0. 多亏了流媒体，我现在可以免费畅听无限量的陌生新音乐。考虑到我的品味，这意味着在未来几十年里我将获得巨大的消费者剩余。按现值计算，这远远超过4万美元。仅仅是在YouTube上收听Lebendige Vergangenheit厂牌旗下全套经典歌剧录音目录，就完全值5000美元。当年，这些优质进口唱片我每张要花13.99美元。现在它们全都免费了。
To repeat, the lesson is not that everyone in my position gains from streaming. If I were totally set in my ways, I really would be $40,000 poorer with no offsetting gain. The lesson, rather, is that NIMBY negativity is not the automatic response for everyone who experiences a capital loss. Most enjoy some upside with their downside. Some, like me, enjoy a net gain despite a large gross loss. 再强调一遍，这里的启示并不是说每个处境与我相似的人都能从流媒体中获益。如果我完全固步自封，那我确实会损失4万美元而得不到任何补偿性收益。真正的启示在于，对于经历资本损失的人来说，邻避式的消极抵触并非必然反应。大多数人在承受损失的同时也能享受到一些好处。有些人，比如我，尽管遭受了巨大的账面损失，却依然获得了净收益。
But the more general lesson is that this is not just a curiosity for music lovers. It fully applies to the archetypal NIMBY who opposes housing deregulation because he already has a valuable home! 但更具普遍意义的启示是，这不仅仅是音乐爱好者的奇闻轶事。它完全适用于那些典型的邻避主义者——他们因为自己已经拥有一套价值不菲的房子，就反对住房放松管制！
Suppose you own a 500k loss. But suppose they want to upgrade to a better home. Then they have an offsetting gain: The dream home that previously cost 1M, so their consumer surplus potentially rises by a full 500k is now just $250k. 假设你拥有一套价值100万美元的房子，随后放松管制使其价值减半。没错，如果一个完全不想换房子的人会遭受50万美元的损失。但假设他想升级换一套更好的房子。那么他就会获得补偿性收益：以前要花200万美元才能买到的梦想之宅现在只需100万美元，因此他的消费者剩余可能会足足增加100万美元。如果他打算降级换一套小点的房子，道理也一样，只是程度稍轻：原来50万美元的房子现在只要25万美元。
The offset is even larger if the homeowner was thinking of buying a second home. Indeed, since rental and sale markets are closely connected, the owner gets an offset every time he checks into a hotel or rents a vacation property. 如果房主正考虑购买第二套住房，这种抵消效应会更大。事实上，由于租赁市场和销售市场紧密相连，房主每次入住酒店或租度假屋时，都能获得这种抵消收益。
For alleged “losers” who love their children, the potential upside is greater still. Let’s go back to my CD collection. Even if streaming didn’t benefit me personally, I have four children. I love them, so their surplus is also my surplus. The 10k less, in exchange they get infinite free music for a lifetime. And so will their kids. The blessings of streaming shall be their patrimony. 对于那些疼爱子女的所谓“输家”来说，潜在的好处就更大了。让我们回到我的CD收藏。即使流媒体没有让我个人受益，我有四个孩子。我爱他们，所以他们的剩余也是我的剩余。我损失的那4万美元资本价值反正也是要留给他们的。因此，虽然他们现在每人会少继承1万美元，但作为交换，他们一生都能享受无限量的免费音乐。他们的孩子也是如此。流媒体带来的福祉将成为他们的遗产。
The same holds for any homeowner who loves his children. Even if you’re in your “forever home,” even if you have no desire to travel, crashing housing prices have a massive upside: cheaper housing for your kids. Maybe even cheap enough to buy the house down the street. Yes, their inheritance will be less, but they’ll get to enjoy cheaper housing for a lifetime. 对于任何疼爱子女的房主来说，情况同样如此。即使你住在自己的“终极住宅”里，即使你毫无出行之念，房价暴跌也有一个巨大的好处：你的孩子能住上更便宜的房子。甚至可能便宜到足以买下街对面的那套房子。没错，他们的遗产会减少，但他们一生都能享受更低廉的住房成本。
If all this sounds like wishful thinking, consider the polar case where housing deregulation drives the price of housing to zero. Yes, this wipes out the value of whatever housing you already own. But it also means that you can move to a palace anywhere on Earth for free. Indeed, it means that you could own a palace in every location you desire for free. Lose the value of your home, gain access to every home of your dreams. It’s not just a fair trade. It’s the deal of a lifetime. 如果这一切听起来像是一厢情愿，不妨考虑一下极端情况：住房放松管制将房价降至零。没错，这会让你现有房产的价值化为乌有。但这也意味着你可以免费搬到地球上任何地方的一座宫殿里住。确切地说，这意味着你可以在任何心仪的地方免费拥有一座宫殿。失去现有住房的价值，换来入住所有梦想之宅的机会。这不仅仅是一笔公平的交易。这简直是千载难逢的绝佳买卖。