【文章标题】：Europe’s summer drought is so extreme that desertification is a growing threat
【文章标题】：欧洲夏季干旱极端化 荒漠化威胁日益加剧
【文章正文】：
Small boats stand idle on cracked ground in a shriveled side channel of the Danube River in northern Serbia, where the water has receded into a couple of shrinking ponds under pressure from extreme drought and heat. Fish circle in the shallow waters.
塞尔维亚北部多瑙河一条干涸的支流旁，小船搁浅在龟裂的河床上。极端干旱与高温迫使河水退却成几处日渐缩小的水洼，鱼群在浅水中徒然游弋。
“This is all we have, these two little ponds that are full of juvenile fish,” fisherman Dusan Jovanovic said. He said the fish are in danger because there is too little water and its temperature is over 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit).
”我们只剩这两个满是幼鱼的小水洼了，“渔民杜尚·约万诺维奇说道。他解释鱼群正面临危机——水量过少且水温已超30摄氏度（86华氏度）。
“If they start to die, they will all die at once,” Jovanovic said.
”一旦开始死亡，所有鱼都会瞬间毙命，“约万诺维奇补充道。
Persistent drought and scorching heat this summer have ravaged ecosystems and businesses across the region, from a lake in Slovenia and the side channel of the Danube in Serbia, to fish farms in Bosnia, the Czech Republic, Romania and Hungary.
今夏持续的干旱与酷热肆虐整个地区生态系统及产业——从斯洛文尼亚的湖泊、塞尔维亚的多瑙河支流，到波黑、捷克、罗马尼亚和匈牙利的养鱼场均受波及。
The fish industry has been hit especially hard, with damage estimated in the millions of euros (dollars). This is adding to the already high toll caused by problems with energy and water supplies, devastated crops, losses in river traffic and trade.
渔业遭受重创，损失预估达数百万欧元（美元）。这加剧了能源供水危机、农作物绝收、内河航运贸易中断等问题造成的沉重代价。
Finding themselves unprepared for this year’s crisis, countries and businesses are now pondering ways to minimize the effects of future extreme weather events that scientists have tied to human-induced climate change.
面对今年这场始料未及的危机，各国政府与企业正筹划缓解未来极端天气影响的方案。科学家指出此类事件与人为气候变化密切相关。
Hungary’s fish die as entire country faces extreme drought
匈牙利全境遭遇极端干旱 大量鱼类死亡
Around 99% of Hungary’s lands are currently under severe or extreme drought conditions, according to the national meteorological service. Desertification, a process where vegetation recedes because of high heat and low rainfall, threatens much of the Great Hungarian Plain.
匈牙利国家气象局数据显示，全国约99%土地正遭受严重或极端干旱。高温少雨引发的荒漠化进程正威胁着匈牙利大平原的大部分区域。
Among the most affected are Hungary’s roughly 27,000 hectares (67,000 acres) of fish ponds. The country’s Agriculture and Food Economy Ministry said last week that “persistent heat and water shortages” had led to 1,588 hectares (3,924 acres) of those ponds drying out, causing the deaths of nearly 280 metric tons of fish at 20 farms.
全国约2.7万公顷（6.7万英亩）鱼塘受灾尤甚。匈农业部上周称”持续高温缺水”已导致1588公顷（3924英亩）鱼塘干涸，20个养殖场近280公吨鱼类死亡。
The estimated revenue loss from the damage was 1.3 billion forints ($4.2 million), the ministry said. Producers say replacing lost fish could take years. Sometimes, operators were forced to drain one pond and divert its water to save fish in another, the Hungarian Aquaculture and Fisheries Inter-branch Organization said in early August.
农业部估算损失达13亿福林（420万美元）。生产商表示补充鱼群需数年时间。匈牙利水产养殖与渔业跨行业组织八月初称，经营者有时被迫抽干某处鱼塘，将水源引至其他塘口救急。
Repeated drought over years hurts Romanian fish farmers
连年干旱重创罗马尼亚养鱼业
For fish farmers in Romania, especially those cultivating carp, this year’s blistering heatwave follows severe droughts in 2023 and 2024, the effects of which are still being felt, says Catalin Platon, president of ROMFISH National Association of Fish Producers.
罗马尼亚鱼类生产者全国协会主席卡塔林·普拉顿表示，对该国养殖户（尤其是鲤鱼养殖者）而言，今年酷热天气之前已连续遭遇2023与2024年严重干旱，其影响至今未消。
In carp production, Platon said, the production cycle is three or four years.
普拉顿指出鲤鱼养殖周期长达三至四年。
“So what we lost in 2023 has (had an) impact every year since,” he explained. Water-use policies that prioritized irrigation for agriculture during the previous droughts, “left us with no water for the fish,” Platon complained.
”2023年的损失每年都在持续产生影响，“他解释道。普拉顿抱怨此前干旱期间优先保障农业灌溉的用水政策”导致养鱼业无水可用”。
Czech fish farmers take emergency measures
捷克养殖户启动应急方案
Fish farmers across the Czech Republic have taken various emergency measures: reducing or suspending feeding to reduce oxygen use, aerating the ponds or draining them when necessary.
捷克各地养殖场已采取多项紧急措施：减少或暂停投喂以降低耗氧量、增氧作业或在必要时抽干鱼塘。
The Czech Fishing Association officials say sustained rainfall could ease the immediate crisis, but long-term measures are needed to retain more water in the landscape.
捷克渔业协会官员表示持续降雨或可缓解当前危机，但需采取长效措施增强区域蓄水能力。
Jan Sokolik, a technician at the Rybarstvi Trebon fishery, explained that “some ponds that were actually low on water have already been fished, but they were all marginal ponds.”
特热邦渔业公司技术员扬·索科利克解释：“部分低水位鱼塘已提前捕捞，但都属于边缘塘口。”
“Now we’re just starting to plan what to do with the big ponds,” he said.
”现在才开始规划大型鱼塘的应对方案，“他说。
Bosnian trout breeders ‘looking to survive summer’
波黑鳟鱼养殖者”艰难度夏”
Veljko Budjen owns a trout farm near Trebinje in southeast Bosnia. He said hot and dry summers have brought serious problems in the mainly mountainous country famous for its trout restaurants.
韦利科·布坚在波黑东南部特雷比涅附近经营鳟鱼养殖场。他表示在这个以鳟鱼餐厅闻名的多山国家，炎热干燥的夏季已造成严峻问题。
“Trout is a cold water fish, which requires cold water with a lot of oxygen,” he said. “So during the summer you are forced to reduce trout production and feeding so the business can just barely survive."
"鳟鱼属冷水鱼类，需要高含氧量的冷水，“他说道，“因此夏季不得不减产减喂，勉强维持经营。”
One option, he said, is to add liquid oxygen to the water during summer months. Otherwise, he said, “you wait for the first rain.”
他表示解决方案之一是在夏季向水中添加液态氧，否则”只能等待第一场降雨”。
Slovenians pump water into a lake in an attempt to save fish
斯洛文尼亚抽水救湖保鱼
Emergency teams have been pumping water into Lake Pristava in eastern Slovenia, a favorite spot for fishermen, to try to prevent a mass suffocation of fish from lack of oxygen and water chestnut overgrowing to cover the lake surface.
应急小组正往斯洛文尼亚东部普里斯塔瓦湖注水——这个垂钓胜地面临鱼类大规模缺氧窒息及菱角过度繁殖覆盖湖面的威胁。
Firefighters have pumped in 8 million liters (2 million gallons) of water but they still fear it’s not enough.
消防员已注入800万升（200万加仑）水，但仍担忧水量不足。
“We are surprised that any fish has survived at all,” Danijel Fras, from the Pesnica Lenart Fishing Association, told public broadcaster RTV Slovenia.
”还有鱼能存活实属奇迹，“佩斯尼察莱纳尔特渔业协会的达尼耶尔·弗拉斯向斯洛文尼亚广播电视台表示。
In Serbia, fishermen said the only solution for the endangered fish in the Danube side channel in Novi Sad is to move them to another location.
塞尔维亚渔民表示，拯救诺维萨德多瑙河支流濒危鱼群的唯一方案是实施迁移。
“The temperatures this year are extreme,” Jovanovic, the Serbian fi
”今年气温极端异常，“塞尔维亚渔民约万诺维奇说。