【文章标题】：Vintage Artificial Intelligence: Before It Got Awkward 【文章标题中文】：复古人工智能：在它变得尴尬之前
【文章正文】： Long before the current kerfuffle about LLMs, Generative AI Artwork, and asking your tax preparation chatbot for a cookie recipe, the concept of artificial intelligence and synthetic life was a pervasive theme in creative and engineering works. 早在当前围绕大语言模型、生成式AI艺术作品，以及向你的报税聊天机器人索要饼干食谱的纷扰出现之前，人工智能与合成生命的概念就已是创意与工程作品中无处不在的主题。
We have the ground-breaking appearance of Rossum’s Universal Robots (or Tik-Tok, the Royal Army of Oz), through countless science-fiction properties and incredibly positive futurist home-making advertisements, and into the inevitable portrayal of dark and dystopian empires providing humans with nothing but a clear and present ending to their story arc. 从罗素姆万能机器人（或《奥兹国》中的皇家军队机器人Tik-Tok）的突破性登场，到无数科幻作品和极为乐观的未来主义家居广告，再到不可避免地将黑暗反乌托邦帝国描绘为只给人类带来清晰而迫近的故事结局，人工智能一直伴随着人类的叙事与表达。
Artificial Intelligence has been riding along with humanity’s storytelling and expressiveness for many generations – and, one might argue, it is this ever-present influence and inspiration that has driven a lot of the modern phrasing and design in our most contemporary toys and tools wearing the vestements of consciousness. 人工智能已经伴随人类的叙事与表达走过许多世代——而且可以说，正是这种无处不在的影响与启发，推动了我们当代那些披着意识外衣的玩具和工具中大量现代措辞与设计。
The motivations are clear: our endless curiosity of the nature of our minds and humanity, the twists and turns that come when the synthetic mirror-images of people betray unintended consequences, and the fact that human beings look amazing when rendered in chrome. 动机很清楚：我们对自身心智与人性本质的无尽好奇，当人类的合成镜像暴露出意外后果时所带来的曲折，以及人类被渲染成铬金属质感时看起来棒极了这一事实。
But before we get swept up too much into the echoes of the past and see patterns of AI-like entities into the distant generations (golems, anyone?) let us instead zoom into a very specific family of projects and products that are presented at the Internet Archive for the research, education, and enjoyment of all: 但在我们过度沉浸于过去的回响、并在遥远世代中辨认类AI实体的模式（有人想到魔像吗？）之前，让我们转而聚焦于一组非常具体的项目与产品，它们在互联网档案馆中呈现，供所有人研究、教育和欣赏：
The newly-minted Vintage Artificial Intelligence collection. 这就是新推出的“复古人工智能”收藏。
Dating roughly from the 1970s through the 1990s, these emulated software packages have come from many sources, and with many motivations, but have been curated together for a very subtle and occasionally imperceptible theme: the adventure of experiencing a machine that thinks. 这些被模拟的软件包大致可追溯至20世纪70年代到90年代，来源众多、动机各异，但被共同策展于一个非常微妙、有时难以察觉的主题之下：体验一台会思考的机器的冒险。
To be clear, and without taking too much time for a press conference announcing so or claiming such for a future IPO, none of the programs in this collection come within a solar system of thinking in any actual sense. 需要说明的是——也不必为此召开新闻发布会或为未来IPO作此宣称——该收藏中的任何程序，在任何实际意义上都与“思考”相距不止一个太阳系。
They are, instead, portrayals on microcomputers and game consoles of the idea of thinking machines, the experience of creating autonomous or semi-autonomous virtual entities, and playing games with the illusion of a contemplative and improvisational opponent. 相反，它们是在微型计算机和游戏主机上对“思考机器”这一理念的呈现，是创造自主或半自主虚拟实体的体验，以及与一个带有沉思和即兴错觉的对手进行游戏。
“Delve” is a very popular word with machines, Jason said ironically, as well as em-dash. Let’s delve into some of the odd ways artificial intellgence begin appearing with these programs in the early days of home computers. Em-dash. “Delve”是机器非常爱用的一个词，Jason讽刺地说，破折号也是。让我们深入（delve）探讨人工智能在早期家用电脑中随这些程序开始出现的种种奇特方式。破折号。
The most obvious and pervasive example for Artificial Intelligence is Joseph Wizenbaum’s ELIZA, named after Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion, and which began its artificial life as a program that would run various conversational scripts, of which its main first one, DOCTOR, was so popular in putting on the appearance of an interested psychologist that users famously opened up to the question and answer process it provided as if talking to a real person. 人工智能最明显、最普遍的例子是Joseph Wizenbaum的ELIZA，其名取自《卖花女》中的Eliza Doolittle。它的人工生命始于一个运行各种对话脚本的程序，其中最早的主要脚本DOCTOR极受欢迎，它装出一副感兴趣的心理学家模样，以至于用户们著名地敞开心扉，像与真人交谈一样投入它所提供的问答过程。
While Wizenbaum wrote throughout his life of the over-abundant assumptions of the program, it was still enough of a successful gimmick that the program was ported and re-written dozens of times, many examples of which are at the archive: Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, Ms. Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, German Eliza, German Eliza, Eliza, Eliza, and, finally, Psycho Eliza. 尽管Wizenbaum终其一生都在写文章指出人们对这个程序过度丰富的假设，它仍是一个足够成功的噱头，以至于该程序被移植和重写了数十次，其中许多例子都在档案馆中：Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza、Eliza女士、Eliza、Eliza、德语Eliza、德语Eliza、Eliza、Eliza，以及最后的Psycho Eliza。
Eliza is the gold standard of the promise of artificial intelligence and the program was simple enough to encourage easy porting to various platforms, which is why you can click on many of the links to find yourself inside Apple II, Radio Shack Color Computer, Palmpilot, Atari 800, and many more home computer machines of the 1980s. Eliza是人工智能承诺的黄金标准，而且这个程序简单到足以鼓励人们轻松移植到各种平台，这就是为什么你可以点击其中许多链接，进入Apple II、Radio Shack Color Computer、Palmpilot、Atari 800以及1980年代更多家用电脑机器之中。
Naturally, the idea of “talk to something that sort of responds to you like a person, preferably like Eliza did” had innovation, parody and experimentation, leading to some of these other programs in the collection: Dr. Z (Eliza, but it ignores what you are saying) Talking Sam (which is more or less a demo for a speech synthesizer) Hyper Psych (A Therapist in Hypercard Format) DR. SPOC (another therapist) Abuse (which answers in a hostile way to your conversation) Pisko (which is a parody, and also requires you to talk to it in Serbian). 自然，“与某个像人一样回应你的东西交谈，最好像Eliza那样”这一想法催生了创新、戏仿和实验，从而产生了该收藏中的其他一些程序：Z博士（Eliza，但它无视你在说什么）、Talking Sam（或多或少是一个语音合成器演示）、Hyper Psych（Hypercard格式的治疗师）、DR. SPOC（又一位治疗师）、Abuse（以敌对方式回应你的对话）、Pisko（一个戏仿作品，而且要求你用塞尔维亚语与它交谈）。
A program in this vein deserves special attention. Racter (short for Raconteur) (MS-DOS version here) is a very early commercial version of a chatbot – it was written to literally write sentences and stories that sounded authentically created, and even wrote some published short works. 这一脉络中有一个程序值得特别关注。Racter（Raconteur的缩写）（此处为MS-DOS版本）是一个非常早期的商业聊天机器人版本——它被编写出来，确实是为了写出听起来像真正创作出来的句子和故事，甚至写出了一些已出版的短篇作品。
They sound exactly like you might think they would sound: “Bill sings to Sarah. Sarah sings to Bill. Perhaps they will do other dangerous things together. They may eat lamb or stroke each other. They may chant of their difficulties and their happiness. They have love but they also have typewriters. That is interesting.” This work 助… 它们听起来正如你可能想象的那样：“Bill唱歌给Sarah听。Sarah唱歌给Bill听。也许他们会一起做其他危险的事。他们可能吃羊肉或互相抚摸。他们可能吟诵他们的困难与幸福。他们有爱，但他们也有打字机。这很有趣。”这部作品助……